نشریه تعلیم و تربیت استثنایی
سال سیزدهم شماره 115 (اردیبهشت 1392)

The purpose of this research is to assess the mathematics curriculum for mentally-disabled students. The method of this survey research was of a descriptive type. The statistical research included 245 elementary teachers at a mentally-disturbed school in the city of Tehran, 24 school's principals and 10 specialists from the district's headquarter and seven academic administrators from schools with mentally-disturbed students. Based on Morgan's and chart of selecting the samples, 150 teachers were randomly selected and other groups were also selected by method. The tools for the collection of data were questionnaires with a completion rate of 87%, interviews, records and the analysis of documents. To analyze the data abundance calculation, percentage and weighing and valuation were utilized. The analysis of expert's views, Teachers, school's principals and academic administrators in schools with mentally-disturbed students in the city of Tehran indicates that the satisfaction rate of Teachers was (72.5%). The satisfaction rate for the principals was (95%). The satisfaction rate for the academic administrators was (67.5%). The satisfaction rate for the space, equipment and academic facilities was (80%). The satisfaction rate for the mentally-disturbed student's mathematics curriculum was, taking into account all the six-mentioned factors was (73.72%).The most important approaches for the elimination of obstacles and difficulties in mathematics curriculum schools with mentally disturbed students are: 1) Hiring teachers who are experts in teaching mentally-disturbed students. 2) Having in-service training for teachers while working 3) setting up goals suitable with the characteristics of mentally-disturbed students 4) Raising the salary and benefits and teachers.

Co-teaching or what it is usually referred to-cooperative teaching2 (1) is a part of the comprehensive philosophy of education for the presentation of educational services which is a more-than-ever popular approach (2) and, for a long time, it was the most common ideal teaching method in a comprehensive classroom and its popularity has continuously been increasing (3)It is the Co-teaching of two teachers(one known as a general education teacher3 and the other, special education teacher) who work Co-operatively to educate heterogeneous students having disability4 or special needs for the entire day or part of it in a classroom utilizing their expertise.

"Dictation" or "Spelling" as one of the writing skills in the primary course is very important, and is a base for the writing learning of the students. To be familiar of the teachers with the obstacles and the problems to accrue the educational aims in the Dictation can help them to omit the problems of this lesson. The variety factors causes the distortion to instruct the writing especially Dictation, and this lesson confronts with a problem named al dis orthographic.Dis orthographic in Dictation in investigable in the different views. One al these views is linguistic view. In this view, features & the difficulties in the Persian language writhing system has the main role in the decline of education of the learners of Dictation. In this essay have tried meanwhile to investigate of the sign (word) & sounds (phoneme) and the relations between them in the Persian explain its learning obstacles in the linguistic view.

Behavioral disorder in preschool children can cause severe behavioral disorder during elementary school years leading to committing criminal activities during youth and eventually anti-social personality during adulthood. Additionally, these problems can lead to the creation of plenty of difficulties for the family, the child's relatives and also the entire society.There will also be considerable expenses beyond one's imagination. (Stormont, M, 2002). Within this framework, the necessity for an intervention to reduce the severity of early symptoms and the prevention of its longevity will become inevitable. Among different treatments for children, play therapy is one of the best and most fruitful methods in which several psychologists and researchers have utilized this method for several decades to treat a large scope of disorders and difficulties proving effectiveness. (Bratton, Ray, Raine and Jones, 2005).

Teaching students with sensory disabilities have always been of interest to scholars and educational experts. One of the sensory disabilities is blindness. It should be noted that traditional methods of training these individuals do not have the necessary efficiency and it causes the reduction of motivation in the students. Thus, an evolutionary approach is necessary. Most computer games as interactive digital media in teaching the blind are considered to be an evolutionary approach to present. The aim of this research is to study the role of educational computer games and to present the principles of designing these games for teaching the blind. Some of the instances where these games can be used teaching the blind, include strengthening the auditory process, mental imagery, teaching academic subjects, navigation, positioning and the student's emotional role. That suitable In this study, some of these principles are presented. It is recommended games for blind students are produced and their impact on each of said cases are reviewed.

Hearing problems in children hard of hearing, in addition to communication skills, will effect social interaction too. One aspect of social recognition which has attracted an increasing attention in recent years is the development of children's intelligence theory. In connection with intellectual and recognition abilities in children hard of hearing, intelligence is a subject that has always been at the center of attention, especially the important role of visual intelligence in memorization and recognition related to the important communication tools such as lip reading, sign language and cued speech. The results of the studies indicate that children's low performance in children hard of hearing in recognition abilities such as Intelligence Quotient and mental theory are mostly related to the dependence of these abilities on the evaluation or the measurement of verbal skills. However, the usage of non-verbal assessment tools and based on the type of measurement related to manual skills (such as pointing language) these children'[s grades have improved greatly and little difference has been seen compared with the grades of normal children in the field of Intelligence Quotient. However, when it comes to visual memory, in most researches, there was a difference in favor of normal children versus those who were hard of hearing. In this article, we will analyze these issues in detail.

Growing Dyslexia is a heterogeneous symptom that comes as a result of phonetics flaw. And after times it is very related to other growing disorders. In fact growing Dyslexia is a severe disorder in reading which has turned into a puzzle in the educational and medical community. Often times, there are discussions and even differences of opinions about whether problems with the motor skills can cause problems in reading. Based on different theoretical approaches, these motor skills problems might cause brain paralysis. The main purpose of this study is to analyze motor skills damages in children who are suffering from Dyslexia. 58 children who were suffering from this disease were studied using wechsler intelligence tests, the international classification of diseases and Lincoln- Orseretsky motor development scale to examine the student's motor skills and attention abilities and it was determined that compared to normal children; they are at a lower scale.